Valnemulin Hydrochloride Premix-Shandong Shengli Biological Engineering Co., Ltd. specializes in the production of animal-specific antibiotic raw materials, veterinary drug preparations and feed additives

The first veterinary drug premix approved for use in Europe

The second generation of antibiotics for diterpene animals

The terminator of porcine respiratory syndrome, blood dysentery, ileitis and colitis

Efficiently prevent and control mixed respiratory diseases in pigs

Samuelin™ is a second-generation pleuromutilin semi-synthetic antibiotic, which is a special antibiotic for diterpene

animals. Berner et al. obtained it by modifying the chemical structure of pleuromutilin in 1984. It was approved by the

European Community in 1999 for the prevention and treatment of swine dysentery caused by B. hyodysenteriae infection

and swine endemic pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection.

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Vonimulin hydrochloride is a white or light yellow crystalline powder, hygroscopic, soluble in water and absolute ethanol,

insoluble in tert-butyl methyl ether, and has a pH of 3.0-6.0.

Vonimulin is the first veterinary drug premix approved in Europe and is listed as a veterinary prescription drug. Vonimulin has

strong antibacterial activity, which is derived from its unique antibacterial mechanism, that is, it inhibits

the protein synthesis of pathogenic microorganisms by binding to the site of pathogenic microorganism ribosomal 23SrRNA, leading

to the death of pathogenic microorganisms. In January 2004, the European Union approved the prevention of porcine colic spirochetosis

(colitis) caused by colonic piliformis infection and the treatment of porcine proliferative enteropathy (ileitis) caused by Lawsonia intracellularis

infection. B. hyodysenteriae, B. pilaris and Lawsonia intracellularis are the culprits of most growing swine enteritis. In 2010, the European Union

again approved the increase of epidemic enteritis in rabbits.

Vonimulin has broad antibacterial properties and is effective against Gram-positive bacteria, negative bacteria, Mycoplasma

and Spirochetes, but it is less effective against intestinal bacteria (such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella). It has good antibacterial

activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Mycoplasma bovis, Mycoplasma gallisepticum, Mycoplasma

hyopneumoniae, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Mycoplasma hyodysenteriae, B. hyodysenteriae, B. coliformis, Lawsonia intracellularis,

etc. , Especially highly sensitive to Mycoplasma, Spirochetes and Rousella intracellularis. At present, it is often used clinically to prevent

swine dysentery, swine diarrhea and swine endemic pneumonia. It can also be used for mycoplasma bovine disease, hoof disease and

mycoplasma infection in chickens, dogs, and cats. In addition, Vonimulin is more active against Helicobacter pylori than metronidazole

and tetracycline, and its activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis is better than traditional anti-tuberculosis drugs such as isoniazid,

rifampicin and streptomycin, so it is occasionally used. For human drug-resistant Mycoplasma infection and so on.

【Product advantages】

Special process, microcapsule coating. Unique anti-moisture and anti-degradation technology, higher drug stability, and can play

a slow-release effect, improve drug efficacy.

Broad antibacterial spectrum and strong antibacterial activity. It has good antibacterial activity against Mycoplasma of livestock and

poultry, Treponema hyodysenteriae, Treponema piliformis, Lawsonia intracellularis, etc. Experiments show that its anti-mycoplasma activity

is 5-10 times that of tiamulin. It has been recognized by the industry as the drug of choice for the treatment of Mycoplasma in livestock and

poultry.

High bioavailability and rapid oral absorption. EMEA (European Medical Products Evaluation Center) reported that the bioavailability

of the product is close to 100%.

The tissues are widely distributed and targeted. Tests have shown that Vonemulin highly accumulates in lung tissues and intestines,

and the intracellular drug concentration is much greater than extracellular.

High efficiency and low residue. The drug withdrawal period is only 1 day.
No drug resistance. Unique structure, no cross-resistance with other drugs.
Very low toxicity. No reproductive toxicity, no teratogenicity, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity, no effect on the immune system.

【Product characteristics and applications】

(1) Shengmiaolin™ is highly efficient and broad-spectrum

Drug name	Mycoplasma	Actinobacillus	Streptococcus	Haemophilus parasuis	Pneumococcus
Vaughlin	++++	+++	+++	++++	++
Tilmicosin	++	++	+	+++	++
Florfenicol	-	+++	++	++	++
Tyvanin	++	++	+	+	++
Doxycycline	+	++	+	+	++

Description: Vonimulin has a broad antibacterial spectrum and strong antibacterial activity, which is better than most antibacterial drugs.

(2) Shengmiaolin™ has good anti-mycoplasma effect

□ Vonimulin is very sensitive to mycoplasma

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Explanation: As shown in the figure above, the minimum inhibitory concentrations of danofloxacin, doxycycline, tilmicosin, tyvanectin, and

vornemulin on Mycoplasma gallisepticum that were artificially inoculated with 105, 106 and 107 CFU/mL, The MIC value of Vonemulin to

Mycoplasma is extremely low.

Vonimulin is very sensitive to Mycoplasma suis

Table: The minimum inhibitory concentration of several antibiotics against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae

Antibacterial agents	MIC50（ug/ml）	MIC90（ug/ml）	范围（ug/ml）
Vaughlin	0.0024	0.0049	0.0024-0.0098
Oxytetracycline	0.078	0.31	0.039-0.63
Lincomycin	0.31	0.63	0.31-0.63
Tylosin	0.16	0.31	0.16-0.63

Description: Vonimulin can effectively prevent and control Mycoplasma suis pneumonia.

(3) Prevention and treatment of swine spirochete dysentery, porcine proliferative ileitis, and colitis

Table: MIC (ug/ml) of Samuelin™ and other antibiotics against different pathogenic microorganisms

Pathogen	Vaughlin	Tiamulin	Tylosin	Lincomycin
Brachyspira hyodysenteriae	≤0.016-2	≤0.016-2	≤4-256	12-128
Brachyspira piliformis	0.5-4	2-64	4-128	≤2-64
Lawsonia intracellularis	≤0.125	0.125-0.5	0.25-32	8-128
Lawsonia intracellularis in vitro	0.125-4.0	1-32	1-128	35-128

Description: Vonimulin can effectively prevent and control swine dysentery, swine colitis and swine ileitis three major intestinal diseases.

(4) Highly effective anti-inflammatory, preventing the occurrence of "inflammatory storm"

Inflammation is a concurrent disease caused by other diseases, which seriously affects the health of humans and animals, and even

threatens lives (most patients with new coronaviruses stop breathing due to the "inflammatory storm"). Including acute respiratory distress

syndrome, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, sepsis, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, etc. Chen Zhibao and others found that

Vonimulin can prevent the transfer of P65 in the cytoplasm to the inside of macrophages, thereby preventing the occurrence of "inflammatory storm".

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Conclusion: In the control group, without LPS stimulation, P65 is present in the cytoplasm. After 30 minutes of LPS stimulation, P65

concentrated into the nucleus, inducing an "inflammatory storm". In the test group, vornemulin-treated cells inhibited P65 metastasis

in the cytoplasm in a dose-dependent manner, thereby inhibiting the occurrence of inflammation.

Explanation: LPS is the main component (endotoxin) of Gram-negative bacteria and is the direct cause of inflammation.

P65 is a kind of nuclear transcription factor (NF-kB), which is closely related to inflammation.

DAPI is 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, which can bind to DNA or RNA and emit blue fluorescence under a fluorescence microscope.

【Recommended common prevention and control solutions】

(1) Poultry farm prevention and control plan

Use order	Usage plan (addition per ton of water)	usage time	Use effect
Commercial layer	Shengmiao Lin™ 300g	10-15 days old, 5 days of continuous use.	Prevention and control of Mycoplasma synovialis and Mycoplasma gallisepticum
Commercial layer	Shengmiao Lin™200g	50-60 days old, 5-7 days of continuous use.
Broiler/breeder	Shengmiao Lin™300g	5-7 days.	Prevention and control of Mycoplasma synovialis and Mycoplasma gallisepticum

In order to improve the palatability, it is recommended to add 3% glucose in the drinking water.

(2) Pig farm prevention and control plan

Use stage	Usage plan (addition per ton of material)	usage time	Use effect
Nursery pig	Samuelin™ 800g+ Sulfachlordazine Sodium Powder 500g+10% Doxycycline Hydrochloride 1kg	Use it for 7-10 days after weaning.	Effectively prevent and control diseases such as mycoplasma, ileitis, swine dysentery, infectious pleuropneumonia, Haemophilus parasuis, toxoplasma, and eperythrocytes, and improve piglet resistance.
Fattening pig	Samuelin™ 500g+10% doxycycline hydrochloride 1kg	Once a month, 5-7 days each time.	Prevent and treat porcine respiratory syndrome, ileitis, toxoplasma, eperythrocytes and other diseases, significantly promote growth and improve the regularity of the pig herd.
Introduce breeding pigs	Shengmiaolin™ 500g+10% doxycycline hydrochloride 1kg+ multivitamin 500g	After introduction, use it continuously for 7-10 days.	Anti-stress, purify mycoplasma, ileitis, swine dysentery, prevent horizontal spread of diseases.
Gilts and boars	Samuelin™ 500g+ Sulfachlordazine Sodium Powder 500g	Use for 5-7 days, once every other month	Purify mycoplasma and toxoplasmosis in pig farms, prevent ileitis and other bacterial diseases, and improve production performance.